The largest octopus in the world in the Guinness Book of Records – photos and videos

The  giant Pacific octopus  (  Enteroctopus dofleini  , formerly also  Octopus apollyon  ), also known as the  giant North Pacific octopus  , is a large  marine cephalopod  in the  genus  Enteroctopus  . Its spatial distribution includes the  North Pacific coast  , along California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, Alaska, Russia, Japan, and the Korean Peninsula. It can be found from the intertidal zone  down to 2,000 m (6,600 ft) and is best suited to cold, oxygen-rich waters. It’s the  octopus largest species, based on a scientific record of a 71 kg (156 lb) individual weighed alive:

E. dofleini  is distinguished from other species by its large size. Adults usually weigh around 15 kg (33 lb), with an arm span of up to 4.3 m (14 ft). ^[3]  The largest individuals have been measured at 50 kg (110 lb) and have a radial span of 6 m (20 ft)  ^[1]  American zoologist GH Parker found that the largest suckers on a giant Pacific octopus they are approximately 6.4 cm (2.5 inches) and can support 16 kg (35 lbs) each. ^[1]  The alternative contender for largest species of octopus is the  seven-armed octopus  (  Haliphron atlanticus  ) based on an incomplete 61 kg (134 lb) carcass estimated to have a live mass of 75 kg (165 lb). ^{[4]  [5]} However, a number of records of questionable size would suggest that  E. dofleini  is the largest of all octopus species by a considerable margin,  ^[6]  including a ratio of one up to 272 kg (600 lb ) in weight with a 9 m (30 -ft) boom span. ^[7]  Guinness World Records lists the largest specimen at 136 kg (300 lb) with a boom span of 9.8 m (32 ft). ^{[1]  [8]}  A United Nations catalog of  E. dofleini sized octopuses at 180 kg (396 lb) with an arm length of 3 m (9.8 ft): ^[9]

Dr. Roland Anderson, an octopus specialist, has found high concentrations of heavy metals and  PCBs  in digestive tissue and glands. He suggests that these high concentrations were obtained from their favorite prey,  the red crab (  Cancer productus  )  . ^[35]  These crabs bury themselves in contaminated sediment and eat nearby prey. ^[1]  What effects these toxins have on octopuses is not known, but other exposed animals are known to show liver damage, changes in the immune system, and death. The Monterey Bay Aquarium has released a very interesting video on the web:

 Giant Pacific octopuses are not currently protected under the  Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora  or assessed on the  IUCN Red List  . ^[25]  The giant Pacific octopus has not been rated by the Monterey Bay Aquarium  Seafood Watch  , although other octopus species are listed. ^[26]  Combined with lack of evaluation and mislabelling, it is nearly impossible to monitor species abundance. Scientists have relied on catch numbers to estimate the abundance of stocks, but the animals are solitary and hard to find. ^[16]DNA techniques have aided in the genetic and phylogenetic analysis of the species’ evolutionary past. After DNA analysis, the giant Pacific octopus could actually be three subspecies (one in Japan, another in Alaska, and a third in Puget Sound). In Puget Sound, the Washington Fish and Wildlife Commission has adopted rules to protect the harvest of giant Pacific octopuses at seven sites after a legal harvest caused a public outcry. ^[27] Puget Sound populations are not considered threatened. Regardless of these data gaps in abundance estimates, future  climate change scenarios can affect these organisms in different ways. Climate change is complex, with predictable biotic and abiotic changes to multiple processes including oxygen limitation, reproductive ocean acidification, toxins, effects on other trophic levels, and RNA modification. A video released by the Discovery Channel :

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Sources:

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